The white-minority government of South Africa treated the natives very badly by denying them fundamental rights and made Apartheid the official policy. How were the people able to end the Apartheid policy and establish a transitional rule?

Answer:

Apartheid, the official policy of racial segregation in South Africa, denied the black majority basic rights. Its end came through a long struggle combined with international pressure and negotiated transition.

The Apartheid System

• Legalised segregation, pass laws, "homelands" and denial of political rights to non-whites.

The Struggle Against It

Internal resistance:

• The African National Congress (ANC) led by figures like Nelson Mandela; the Defiance Campaign, and after Sharpeville (1960), armed struggle.
• Sustained protests, strikes and the role of Desmond Tutu and civil society.

International pressure:

• Economic sanctions, sports and cultural boycotts, and worldwide anti-apartheid solidarity isolated the regime.

Transition

• President F.W. de Klerk unbanned the ANC and released Mandela (1990).
• Negotiations led to the first non-racial elections (1994), making Mandela President; a Truth and Reconciliation Commission aided healing.

Therefore, apartheid ended through the combined force of internal mass struggle and international isolation, culminating in a negotiated, peaceful transition to majority rule.